The Origin and Nature of Language and Logic: Perspectives in Medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Thought, 2020
By: Nadja Germann (Ed.), Steven Harvey (Ed.)
Title The Origin and Nature of Language and Logic: Perspectives in Medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Thought
Type Edited Book
Language undefined
Date 2020
Publication Place Turnhout
Publisher Brepols
Series Rencontres de Philosophie Médiévale
Volume 20
Categories Logic, Theology, Metaphysics, al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Avicenna, Maimonides
Author(s) Nadja Germann , Steven Harvey
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The annual colloquium of the SIEPM in Freiburg, Germany, was groundbreaking in that it featured a more or less equal number of talks on all three medieval cultures that contributed to the formation of Western philosophical thought: the Islamic, Jewish, and Christian traditions. Indeed, the subject of the colloquium, ‘The Origin and Nature of Language and Logic in Medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Thought’, lent itself to such a cross-cultural approach. In all these traditions, partially inspired by ancient Greek philosophy, partially by other sources, language and thought, semantics and logic occupied a central place. As a result, the chapters of the present volume effortlessly traverse philosophical, religious, cultural, and linguistic boundaries and thus in many respects open up new perspectives. It should not be surprising if readers delight in chapters of a philosophical tradition outside of their own as much as they do in those in their area of expertise. Among the topics discussed are the significance of language for logic; the origin of language: inspiration or convention; imposition or coinage; the existence of an original language; the correctness of language; divine discourse; animal language; the meaningfulness of animal sounds; music as communication; the scope of dialectical disputation; the relation between rhetoric and demonstration; the place of logic and rhetoric in theology; the limits of human knowledge; the meaning of categories; the problem of metaphysical entailment; the need to disentangle the metaphysical implications of language; the quantification of predicates; and the significance of linguistic custom for judging logical propositions.

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From Alexandria to Cordoba: Medicine according to Averroes and the Araboislamic tradition, 2020
By: Miquel Forcada
Title From Alexandria to Cordoba: Medicine according to Averroes and the Araboislamic tradition
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2020
Journal Asclepio. Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia
Volume 72
Issue 2
Pages 312-327
Categories al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Medicine
Author(s) Miquel Forcada
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Ibn Rushd consideró la medicina como un arte productivo en su al-Kulliyyāt fī l-ṭibb, escrito entre 1162 y 1169, y como una ciencia en su comentario al poema de Ibn Sīnā sobre la medicina (Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb), escrito en 1180. En Kulliyyāt, Ibn Rushd sigue de manera bastante estricta las ideas sobre el estatus de la medicina del filósofo al-Fārābī. En Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā, Ibn Rushd sintetiza las concepciones de varias obras, entre las cuales Masā’il fī l-ṭibb de Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq y Ḥubaysh, Qānūn fī l-ṭibb de Ibn Sinā y las obras sobre la lógica aristotélica de al-Fārābī. El análisis conjunto de estas fuentes, más las aportaciones de un nuevo manuscrito de Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā, proporcionan una idea más clara de la concepción de la medicina expuesta en esta obra y, en consecuencia, podemos reconsiderar y relativizar la diferencia entre esta concepción y la que se expone en Kulliyyāt. Las ideas de Ibn Rushd sobre el estatus de la medicina se analizan de acuerdo con el contexto sociopolítico en que fueron concebidas, considerando especialmente el hecho de que Sharḥ Urjūza Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb fue escrito para las elites intelectuales y políticas del régimen almohad. Ibn Rushd considered medicine as a productive art in his al-Kulliyyāt fī l-ṭibb, written between 1162 and 1169, and as a science in his commentary on Ibn Sīnā’s poem on the subject (Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb), written in 1180. In Kulliyyāt, Ibn Rushd followed quite strictly the ideas on the status of medicine propounded by the philosopher al-Fārābī. In Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā, Ibn Rushd summarised the conceptions of several works including Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq’s Masā’il fīl-ṭibb, Ibn Sīnā’s Qānūn fī l-ṭibb and al-Fārābī’s works on Aristotle’s logic. The joint analysis of these sources and the evidence provided by a new manuscript of Ibn Rushd’s Sharḥ give us a clearer idea of the conception of medicine extant in this latter work and, in consequence, we can reconsider and relativise the difference between it and the conception expounded in Kulliyyāt. Ibn Rushd’s ideas on the status of medicine are analysed according to the sociopolitical context in which they were conceived, taking particular account of the fact that Sharḥ Urjūza Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb was written for the intellectual and political elites of the Almohad regime.

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5592","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5592,"authors_free":[{"id":6491,"entry_id":5592,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Miquel Forcada","free_first_name":"Miquel","free_last_name":"Forcada","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"From Alexandria to Cordoba: Medicine according to Averroes and the Araboislamic tradition","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"From Alexandria to Cordoba: Medicine according to Averroes and the Araboislamic tradition"},"abstract":" Ibn Rushd consider\u00f3 la medicina como un arte productivo en su al-Kulliyy\u0101t f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb, escrito entre 1162 y 1169, y como una ciencia en su comentario al poema de Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 sobre la medicina (Shar\u1e25 Urj\u016bzat Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb), escrito en 1180. En Kulliyy\u0101t, Ibn Rushd sigue de manera bastante estricta las ideas sobre el estatus de la medicina del fil\u00f3sofo al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b. En Shar\u1e25 Urj\u016bzat Ibn S\u012bn\u0101, Ibn Rushd sintetiza las concepciones de varias obras, entre las cuales Mas\u0101\u2019il f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb de \u1e24unayn ibn Is\u1e25\u0101q y \u1e24ubaysh, Q\u0101n\u016bn f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb de Ibn Sin\u0101 y las obras sobre la l\u00f3gica aristot\u00e9lica de al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b. El an\u00e1lisis conjunto de estas fuentes, m\u00e1s las aportaciones de un nuevo manuscrito de Shar\u1e25 Urj\u016bzat Ibn S\u012bn\u0101, proporcionan una idea m\u00e1s clara de la concepci\u00f3n de la medicina expuesta en esta obra y, en consecuencia, podemos reconsiderar y relativizar la diferencia entre esta concepci\u00f3n y la que se expone en Kulliyy\u0101t. Las ideas de Ibn Rushd sobre el estatus de la medicina se analizan de acuerdo con el contexto sociopol\u00edtico en que fueron concebidas, considerando especialmente el hecho de que Shar\u1e25 Urj\u016bza Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb fue escrito para las elites intelectuales y pol\u00edticas del r\u00e9gimen almohad.\r\n\r\nIbn Rushd considered medicine as a productive art in his al-Kulliyy\u0101t f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb, written between 1162 and 1169, and as a science in his commentary on Ibn S\u012bn\u0101\u2019s poem on the subject (Shar\u1e25 Urj\u016bzat Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb), written in 1180. In Kulliyy\u0101t, Ibn Rushd followed quite strictly the ideas on the status of medicine propounded by the philosopher al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b. In Shar\u1e25 Urj\u016bzat Ibn S\u012bn\u0101, Ibn Rushd summarised the conceptions of several works including \u1e24unayn ibn Is\u1e25\u0101q\u2019s Mas\u0101\u2019il f\u012bl-\u1e6dibb, Ibn S\u012bn\u0101\u2019s Q\u0101n\u016bn f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb and al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b\u2019s works on Aristotle\u2019s logic. The joint analysis of these sources and the evidence provided by a new manuscript of Ibn Rushd\u2019s Shar\u1e25 give us a clearer idea of the conception of medicine extant in this latter work and, in consequence, we can reconsider and relativise the difference between it and the conception expounded in Kulliyy\u0101t. Ibn Rushd\u2019s ideas on the status of \r\nmedicine are analysed according to the sociopolitical context in which they were conceived, taking particular account of the fact that Shar\u1e25 Urj\u016bza Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 f\u012b l-\u1e6dibb was written for the intellectual and political elites of the Almohad regime.","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"Spanish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3989\/asclepio.2020.13","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":29,"category_name":"Medicine","link":"bib?categories[]=Medicine"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5592,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Asclepio. Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"72","issue":"2","pages":"312-327"}},"sort":[2020]}

Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-Fârâbî, Avicenna and Averroes, 2019
By: John W. Watt
Title Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-Fârâbî, Avicenna and Averroes
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2019
Published in The Aristotelian Tradition in Syriac
Pages 249–259
Categories Rhetoric, Politics, al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Aristotle
Author(s) John W. Watt
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Given the remarkable fact that Aristotle’s Rhetoric appears to have had little influence outside the area of logic in late antiquity, but was very influential in Islamic political philosophy, the chapter examines whether the Syriac tradition can help to explain this development. The late antique Platonic concept of philosophical rhetoric, Themistius’ political thought, and their echoes in the Rhetoric of Antony of Tagrit are examined, and compared with the ideas expressed in the writings on rhetoric of al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Averroes, and Bar Hebraeus.

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The Pilgrimage of Philosophy. A Festschrift for Charles E. Butterworth, 2019
By: René M. Paddags (Ed.), Waseem El-Rayes (Ed.), Gregory A. McBrayer (Ed.)
Title The Pilgrimage of Philosophy. A Festschrift for Charles E. Butterworth
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2019
Publication Place South Bend, IN
Publisher St. Augustine’s Press
Categories Politics, Theology, al-Fārābī, al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) René M. Paddags , Waseem El-Rayes , Gregory A. McBrayer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This book intends to introduce readers to the work of Charles E. Butterworth, and thereby to introduce students to Medieval islamic political philosophy, of which Butterworth is one of the world's most prominent scholars. In a wider sense, the Festschrift introduces its readers to the current debates on Medieval islamic political philosophy, related as they are to the questions of the relationship between islam and Christianity, the Medieval to the Modern world, and reason and revelation. Butterworth's scholarship spans six decades, primarily translating, editing, and interpreting the works of the Muslim political philosopher Alfarabi (d. 950) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd, d. 1198). He began his studies of Muslim political philosophy at a time when the Middle East and islam did not have the political salience they have acquired in more recent years. instead, Butterworth&;s reason for engaging with islam was rooted in the question of the relationship between reason and revelation. While one possible answer was pursued in the Christian, latin West, the islamic borderlands of Greek, Roman, and Muslim civilization offered another. By exploring Averroes, who provides the possibility of an Aristotelian-Islamic political philosophy, and Alfarabi, who pursues a Platonic-islamic political philosophy, Butterworth showed how islamic civilization provided a viable alternative to the theologico-political question reason v revelation, as well as serving as an inspiration to the latin West.

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Averroes on Juridical Reasoning, 2019
By: Ziad Bou Akl
Title Averroes on Juridical Reasoning
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2019
Published in Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays
Pages 45–63
Categories Law, al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Rhetoric
Author(s) Ziad Bou Akl
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
An investigation of Averroes' theory of reasoning in law, showing that his legal epistemology is deeply indebted to the Aristotelian tradition and, in particular, to al-Fārābī’s understanding of analogical reasoning which was in turn based on the idea of an exemplum (mithāl), taken from Aristotle’s logical works and especially the Rhetoric.

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Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Arabic Political Philosophy: al-Fârâbî, Ibn Rushd and Ibn Khaldûn, 2018
By: Miklós Maróth
Title Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Arabic Political Philosophy: al-Fârâbî, Ibn Rushd and Ibn Khaldûn
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2018
Published in Violence in Islamic Thought from the Mongols to European Imperialism
Pages 149–164
Categories al-Fārābī, Plato, Politics
Author(s) Miklós Maróth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Citer/traduire. La traduction arabo-latine de la Rhétorique d’Aristote par Hermann l’Allemand et les citations d’al-Fârâbî et Averroès, 2017
By: Frédérique Woerther
Title Citer/traduire. La traduction arabo-latine de la Rhétorique d’Aristote par Hermann l’Allemand et les citations d’al-Fârâbî et Averroès
Type Article
Language French
Date 2017
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 28
Pages 177–218
Categories Aristotle, al-Fārābī, Tradition and Reception, Rhetoric
Author(s) Frédérique Woerther
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Philosophy and Medicine in the Formative Period of Islam, 2017
By: Peter Adamson (Ed.), Peter E. Pormann (Ed.)
Title Philosophy and Medicine in the Formative Period of Islam
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2017
Publication Place London
Publisher The Warburg Institute
Series Warburg Institute Colloquia
Volume 31
Categories Medicine, Galen, Tradition and Reception, al-Fārābī, Avicenna
Author(s) Peter Adamson , Peter E. Pormann
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Many of the leading philosophers in the Islamic world were doctors, yielding extensive links between philosophy and medicine. The twelve papers in this volume explore these links, focusing on the classical or formative period (up to the eleventh century AD). One central theme is the Arabic reception of the two outstanding figures of Greek medicine, Hippocrates and Galen ? we learn how Hippocrates was made into a mouthpiece for ethical wisdom, and how Galen influenced ideas in ethics and the nature of plant life. Aristotle is also considered, with a study of the reception of his ideas on longevity. Several of the luminaries of philosophy in the early Islamic world are also studied, including Abu Bakr al-Razi, al-Farabi, and Avicenna: all of them deploy medical ideas in their philosophical writings, whether to treat emotional distress as a kind of illness, to explain the function of eyesight, to compare the well-functioning state to the healthy human body, or to draw on anatomical ideas in works on psychology. Conversely, the volume also includes research on the use of philosophical ideas in medical texts, including medical compendia and the works of 'Ali ibn Ridwan. Attention is also given to the connections between medicine and Islamic theology (kalam). As a whole, the book provides both a survey of the kinds of work being done in this relatively unexplored area, and a springboard for further research.

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Analytic Islamic philosophy, 2017
By: Anthony Robert Booth
Title Analytic Islamic philosophy
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2017
Publication Place London
Publisher Palgrave Macmillan
Series Palgrave philosophy today
Categories Surveys, Modern Readings, al-Fārābī, al-Kindī, Avicenna, Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, Tradition and Reception, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Anthony Robert Booth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This book is an introduction to Islamic Philosophy, beginning with its Medieval inception, right through to its more contemporary incarnations. Using the language and conceptual apparatus of contemporary Anglo-American 'Analytic' philosophy, this book represents a novel and creative attempt to rejuvenate Islamic Philosophy for a modern audience. It adopts a 'rational reconstructive' approach to the history of philosophy by affording maximum hermeneutical priority to the strongest possible interpretation of a philosopher's arguments while also paying attention to the historical context in which they worked. The central canonical figures of Medieval Islamic Philosophy - al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Avicenna, al-Ghazali, Averroes - are presented chronologically along with an introduction to the central themes of Islamic theology and the Greek philosophical tradition they inherited. The book then briefly introduces what the author collectively refers to as the 'Pre-Modern' figures including Suhrawardi, Mulla Sadra, and Ibn Taymiyyah, and presents all of these thinkers, along with their Medieval predecessors, as forerunners to the more modern incarnation of Islamic Philosophy: Political Islam.

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Three Masters and One Disciple: Ibn Tumlûs’s Critical Incorporation of al-Fârâbî, al-Ghazâlî, and Ibn Rushd, 2016
By: Fouad Ben Ahmed
Title Three Masters and One Disciple: Ibn Tumlûs’s Critical Incorporation of al-Fârâbî, al-Ghazâlî, and Ibn Rushd
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2016
Published in Schüler und Meister
Pages 537–556
Categories al-Fārābī, al-Ġazālī, Transmission, Logic, Law, Medicine
Author(s) Fouad Ben Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Citer/traduire. La traduction arabo-latine de la Rhétorique d’Aristote par Hermann l’Allemand et les citations d’al-Fârâbî et Averroès, 2017
By: Frédérique Woerther
Title Citer/traduire. La traduction arabo-latine de la Rhétorique d’Aristote par Hermann l’Allemand et les citations d’al-Fârâbî et Averroès
Type Article
Language French
Date 2017
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 28
Pages 177–218
Categories Aristotle, al-Fārābī, Tradition and Reception, Rhetoric
Author(s) Frédérique Woerther
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”, 2016
By: Mustafa Yildiz
Title Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”
Type Article
Language English
Date 2016
Journal Journal of Islamic Philosophy
Volume 10
Pages 62–103
Categories al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Theology
Author(s) Mustafa Yildiz
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions, 2023
By: Katja Krause, Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Title Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions
Type Edited Book
Language undefined
Date 2023
Publication Place New York
Publisher Routledge
Categories Tradition and Reception, al-Fārābī, Aristotle
Author(s) Katja Krause , Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This volume brings together contributions from distinguished scholars in the history of philosophy, focusing on points of interaction between discrete historical contexts, religions, and cultures found within the premodern period. The contributions connect thinkers from antiquity through the Middle Ages and include philosophers from the three major monotheistic faiths—Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. By emphasizing premodern philosophy’s shared textual roots in antiquity, particularly the writings of Plato and Aristotle, the volume highlights points of cross-pollination between different schools, cultures, and moments in premodern thought. Approaching the complex history of the premodern world in an accessible way, the editors organize the volume so as to underscore the difficulties the premodern period poses for scholars, while accentuating the fascinating interplay between the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin philosophical traditions. The contributors cover many topics ranging from the aims of Aristotle’s cosmos, the adoption of Aristotle’s Organon by al-Fārābī, and the origins of the Plotiniana Arabica to the role of Ibn Gabirol’s Fons vitae in the Latin West, the ways in which Islamic philosophy shaped thirteenth-century Latin conceptions of light, Roger Bacon’s adaptation of Avicenna for use in his moral philosophy, and beyond. The volume’s focus on "source-based contextualism" demonstrates an appreciation for the rich diversity of thought found in the premodern period, while revealing methodological challenges raised by the historical study of premodern philosophy.

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From Alexandria to Cordoba: Medicine according to Averroes and the Araboislamic tradition, 2020
By: Miquel Forcada
Title From Alexandria to Cordoba: Medicine according to Averroes and the Araboislamic tradition
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2020
Journal Asclepio. Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia
Volume 72
Issue 2
Pages 312-327
Categories al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Medicine
Author(s) Miquel Forcada
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Ibn Rushd consideró la medicina como un arte productivo en su al-Kulliyyāt fī l-ṭibb, escrito entre 1162 y 1169, y como una ciencia en su comentario al poema de Ibn Sīnā sobre la medicina (Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb), escrito en 1180. En Kulliyyāt, Ibn Rushd sigue de manera bastante estricta las ideas sobre el estatus de la medicina del filósofo al-Fārābī. En Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā, Ibn Rushd sintetiza las concepciones de varias obras, entre las cuales Masā’il fī l-ṭibb de Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq y Ḥubaysh, Qānūn fī l-ṭibb de Ibn Sinā y las obras sobre la lógica aristotélica de al-Fārābī. El análisis conjunto de estas fuentes, más las aportaciones de un nuevo manuscrito de Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā, proporcionan una idea más clara de la concepción de la medicina expuesta en esta obra y, en consecuencia, podemos reconsiderar y relativizar la diferencia entre esta concepción y la que se expone en Kulliyyāt. Las ideas de Ibn Rushd sobre el estatus de la medicina se analizan de acuerdo con el contexto sociopolítico en que fueron concebidas, considerando especialmente el hecho de que Sharḥ Urjūza Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb fue escrito para las elites intelectuales y políticas del régimen almohad. Ibn Rushd considered medicine as a productive art in his al-Kulliyyāt fī l-ṭibb, written between 1162 and 1169, and as a science in his commentary on Ibn Sīnā’s poem on the subject (Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb), written in 1180. In Kulliyyāt, Ibn Rushd followed quite strictly the ideas on the status of medicine propounded by the philosopher al-Fārābī. In Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā, Ibn Rushd summarised the conceptions of several works including Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq’s Masā’il fīl-ṭibb, Ibn Sīnā’s Qānūn fī l-ṭibb and al-Fārābī’s works on Aristotle’s logic. The joint analysis of these sources and the evidence provided by a new manuscript of Ibn Rushd’s Sharḥ give us a clearer idea of the conception of medicine extant in this latter work and, in consequence, we can reconsider and relativise the difference between it and the conception expounded in Kulliyyāt. Ibn Rushd’s ideas on the status of medicine are analysed according to the sociopolitical context in which they were conceived, taking particular account of the fact that Sharḥ Urjūza Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb was written for the intellectual and political elites of the Almohad regime.

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Fārābī in the Reception of Avicenna's Metaphysics. Averroes against Avicenna on Being and Unity, 2012
By: Stephen Menn
Title Fārābī in the Reception of Avicenna's Metaphysics. Averroes against Avicenna on Being and Unity
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2012
Published in The Arabic, Hebrew and Latin Reception of Avicenna's Metaphysics
Pages 51–96
Categories al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Metaphysics
Author(s) Stephen Menn
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Fārābī in the Reception of Avicenna’s Metaphysics. Averroes against Avicenna on Being and Unity, 2012
By: Stephen Menn
Title Fārābī in the Reception of Avicenna’s Metaphysics. Averroes against Avicenna on Being and Unity
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2012
Published in The Arabic, Hebrew and Latin Reception of Avicenna's Metaphysics
Pages 51–96
Categories al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Metaphysics, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Stephen Menn
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush’d, 2011
By: Michael Sweeney
Title Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush’d
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal The Review of Metaphysics
Volume 65
Issue 1
Pages 41–61
Categories al-Fārābī, al-Ġazālī, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Michael Sweeney
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The philosophical affirmation of essence by Al-Farabi (his preferred position) and Ibn Rush'd allows for toleration of rehgion as an inferior but necessary way of life for most human beings. Since both AlFarabi's democracy and his political regime based on essence achieve varying degrees of tolerance by subordinating rehgion, the choice is between tolerance and the superiority of rehgion; that is, all agree that it is not possible to reconcile the supremacy of religion with a broad political tolerance. According to Al-Farabi, the question of tolerance, like the questions of politics in general, centers on the natural differences among human beings in their ability to grasp essence.

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5377","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5377,"authors_free":[{"id":6229,"entry_id":5377,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Michael Sweeney","free_first_name":"Michael","free_last_name":"Sweeney","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush\u2019d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush\u2019d"},"abstract":"The philosophical affirmation of essence by Al-Farabi (his preferred position) and Ibn Rush'd allows for toleration of rehgion as an inferior but necessary way of life for most human beings. Since both AlFarabi's democracy and his political regime based on essence achieve varying degrees of tolerance by subordinating rehgion, the choice is between tolerance and the superiority of rehgion; that is, all agree that it is not possible to reconcile the supremacy of religion with a broad political tolerance. According to Al-Farabi, the question of tolerance, like the questions of politics in general, centers on the natural differences among human beings in their ability to grasp essence.","btype":3,"date":"2011","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23055682","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5377,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"The Review of Metaphysics","volume":"65","issue":"1","pages":"41\u201361"}},"sort":["Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush\u2019d"]}

Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Fārābī, 2023
By: G. Hussein Rassool, Mugheera M. Luqman
Title Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Fārābī
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2023
Published in Foundations of Islāmic Psychology. From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers
Pages 48-55
Categories al-Fārābī, Psychology
Author(s) G. Hussein Rassool , Mugheera M. Luqman
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In this particular chapter, three physicians Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Fārābī, who made some contributions, directly and indirectly, to the development of psychology, are presented. Ibn Miskawayh can be regarded as one of the earliest positive, educational, cognitive psychologists for his treatise on Tahdhīb al-Akhlāq. In positive psychology, he showed how to reach supreme happiness and its virtues. To reach such state, psychological conditions and environmental factors can shape the supreme happiness of human being. The development of a theory of psychotherapy has also been attributed to Ibn Miskawayh and introduced what is now known as "self-reinforcement" and response cost. Ibn Rushd's views on psychology are most fully discussed in his Talkhis Kitab al-Nafs as it "surpasses other sciences, except for divine science." Ibn Rushd described three-fold hierarchy of learning. Ibn Rushd argued that we experience health and illness, and that religious texts contain important information as to how we should behave. What is remarkable with Ibn Rushd is that he examined critically diverse views and argued that all these views are acceptable from different perspectives. Al Fārābī in his Ārāʾ Ahl al-Madīnah al-Fāḍilah describes several principles of social psychology using invented exemplars. Al-Fārābī suggested that the perfect human being has both theoretical virtue and practical moral virtues. At the heart of Al-Farabi's political philosophy is the concept of happiness in which people cooperate to gain contentment. Al-Fārābī used observable realities and experimentation based on clear evidence even though relied on scriptural sources for his intellectual discourse. Al-Fārābī wrote on dreams and explained the distinction between dream Interpretation and the nature and trigger of dreams. His writings on the therapeutic effect of music on the soul later influenced modern mental health and treatment.

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","free_last_name":" Luqman","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},"abstract":"In this particular chapter, three physicians Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b, who made some contributions, directly and indirectly, to the development of psychology, are presented. Ibn Miskawayh can be regarded as one of the earliest positive, educational, cognitive psychologists for his treatise on Tahdh\u012bb al-Akhl\u0101q. In positive psychology, he showed how to reach supreme happiness and its virtues. To reach such state, psychological conditions and environmental factors can shape the supreme happiness of human being. The development of a theory of psychotherapy has also been attributed to Ibn Miskawayh and introduced what is now known as \"self-reinforcement\" and response cost. Ibn Rushd's views on psychology are most fully discussed in his Talkhis Kitab al-Nafs as it \"surpasses other sciences, except for divine science.\" Ibn Rushd described three-fold hierarchy of learning. Ibn Rushd argued that we experience health and illness, and that religious texts contain important information as to how we should behave. What is remarkable with Ibn Rushd is that he examined critically diverse views and argued that all these views are acceptable from different perspectives. Al F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b in his \u0100r\u0101\u02be Ahl al-Mad\u012bnah al-F\u0101\u1e0dilah describes several principles of social psychology using invented exemplars. Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b suggested that the perfect human being has both theoretical virtue and practical moral virtues. At the heart of Al-Farabi's political philosophy is the concept of happiness in which people cooperate to gain contentment. Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b used observable realities and experimentation based on clear evidence even though relied on scriptural sources for his intellectual discourse. Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b wrote on dreams and explained the distinction between dream Interpretation and the nature and trigger of dreams. His writings on the therapeutic effect of music on the soul later influenced modern mental health and treatment.","btype":2,"date":"2023","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.4324\/9781003181415-7","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[{"id":1854,"full_name":"G. Hussein Rassool","role":1},{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5596,"section_of":5595,"pages":"48-55","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5595,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Foundations of Isl\u0101mic Psychology. From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2023","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Foundations of Isl\u0101mic Psychology: From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers examines the history of Isl\u0101mic psychology from the Isl\u0101mic Golden age through the early 21st century, giving a thorough look into Isl\u0101mic psychology\u2019s origins, Isl\u0101mic philosophy and theology, and key developments in Isl\u0101mic psychology.\r\n\r\nIn tracing psychology from its origins in early civilisations, ancient philosophy, and religions to the modern discipline of psychology, this book integrates overarching psychological principles and ideas that have shaped the global history of Isl\u0101mic psychology. It examines the legacy of psychology from an Isl\u0101mic perspective, looking at the contributions of early Isl\u0101mic classical scholars and contemporary psychologists, and to introduce how the history of Isl\u0101mic philosophy and sciences has contributed to the development of classical and modern Isl\u0101mic psychology from its founding to the present. With each chapter covering a key thinker or moment, and also covering the globalisation of psychology, the Isl\u0101misation of knowledge, and the decolonisation of psychology, the work critically evaluates the effects of the globalisation of psychology and its lasting impact on indigenous culture.\r\n\r\nThis book aims to engage and inspire students taking undergraduate and graduate courses on Isl\u0101mic psychology, to recognise the power of history in the academic studies of Isl\u0101mic psychology, to connect history to the present and the future, and to think critically. It is also ideal reading for researchers and those undertaking continuing professional development in Isl\u0101mic psychology, psychotherapy, and counselling.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003181415","book":{"id":5595,"pubplace":"London ","publisher":"Routledge","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6494,"entry_id":5595,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1854,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"G. Hussein Rassool","free_first_name":"G. Hussein","free_last_name":"Rassool","norm_person":{"id":1854,"first_name":"G. Hussein","last_name":" Rassool","full_name":"G. Hussein Rassool","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1089357354","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}},{"id":6495,"entry_id":5595,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mugheera M. Luqman","free_first_name":"Mugheera M.","free_last_name":"Luqman","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1}}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"]}

Ibn Tumlūs on Dialectical Reasoning: The Extent of His Reliance on al-Fārābī and Averroes, 2020
By: Fouad Ben Ahmed
Title Ibn Tumlūs on Dialectical Reasoning: The Extent of His Reliance on al-Fārābī and Averroes
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2020
Published in The Origin and Nature of Language and Logic: Perspectives in Medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Thought
Pages 245–276
Categories Logic, al-Fārābī, Influence
Author(s) Fouad Ben Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5036","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5036,"authors_free":[{"id":5783,"entry_id":5036,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1440,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fouad Ben Ahmed","free_first_name":"Fouad","free_last_name":"Ben Ahmed","norm_person":{"id":1440,"first_name":"Fouad","last_name":"Ben Ahmed","full_name":"Fouad Ben Ahmed","short_ident":"FouBen","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Fouad Ben Ahmed"}}],"entry_title":"Ibn Tuml\u016bs on Dialectical Reasoning: The Extent of His Reliance on al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b and Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Tuml\u016bs on Dialectical Reasoning: The Extent of His Reliance on al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b and Averroes"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/M.RPM-EB.5.119764","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"}],"authors":[{"id":1440,"full_name":"Fouad Ben Ahmed","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5036,"section_of":5035,"pages":"245\u2013276","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5035,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"The Origin and Nature of Language and Logic: Perspectives in Medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Thought","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2020","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"The annual colloquium of the SIEPM in Freiburg, Germany, was groundbreaking in that it featured a more or less equal number of talks on all three medieval cultures that contributed to the formation of Western philosophical thought: the Islamic, Jewish, and Christian traditions. Indeed, the subject of the colloquium, \u2018The Origin and Nature of Language and Logic in Medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Thought\u2019, lent itself to such a cross-cultural approach. In all these traditions, partially inspired by ancient Greek philosophy, partially by other sources, language and thought, semantics and logic occupied a central place. As a result, the chapters of the present volume effortlessly traverse philosophical, religious, cultural, and linguistic boundaries and thus in many respects open up new perspectives. It should not be surprising if readers delight in chapters of a philosophical tradition outside of their own as much as they do in those in their area of expertise.\r\n\r\nAmong the topics discussed are the significance of language for logic; the origin of language: inspiration or convention; imposition or coinage; the existence of an original language; the correctness of language; divine discourse; animal language; the meaningfulness of animal sounds; music as communication; the scope of dialectical disputation; the relation between rhetoric and demonstration; the place of logic and rhetoric in theology; the limits of human knowledge; the meaning of categories; the problem of metaphysical entailment; the need to disentangle the metaphysical implications of language; the quantification of predicates; and the significance of linguistic custom for judging logical propositions.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/M.RPM-EB.5.119773","book":{"id":5035,"pubplace":"Turnhout","publisher":"Brepols","series":"Rencontres de Philosophie M\u00e9di\u00e9vale","volume":"20","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Ibn Tuml\u016bs on Dialectical Reasoning: The Extent of His Reliance on al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b and Averroes"]}

Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes’s Novel Placement of the Platonic City, 2022
By: Alexander Orwin
Title Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes’s Novel Placement of the Platonic City
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2022
Published in Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary
Pages 19–39
Categories al-Fārābī, Galen, Aristotle, Plato, Politics, Commentary
Author(s) Alexander Orwin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” goes far beyond merely commenting on the original. With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments. The importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27–30, 23.31–33, cf. 47.29–30and 105.25–27). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25–27, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: “Before we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning” (CR 22.6–8). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22–24.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi—mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war—for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city.

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With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments.\r\n\r\nThe importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27\u201330, 23.31\u201333, cf. 47.29\u201330and 105.25\u201327). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25\u201327, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: \u201cBefore we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning\u201d (CR 22.6\u20138). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22\u201324.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi\u2014mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war\u2014for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.002","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":30,"category_name":"Galen","link":"bib?categories[]=Galen"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":1790,"full_name":" Alexander Orwin","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5347,"section_of":5346,"pages":"19\u201339","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. 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